Association between removable denture use and cigarette smoking – results from the Bialystok Plus study
Lek. Dent. Katarzyna Gabiec1, Assoc. Prof. Joanna Bagińska2, Dr. Inga Kamińska3, Assoc. Prof. Ewa Rodakowska4, Mr. Wojciech Łaguna5, Prof. Karol Kamiński6
1 Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland,
2 Department of Dentistry Propaedeutics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland,
3 Department of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland,
4 Department of Clinical Dentistry-Cariology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,
5 Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland,
6 Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to assess whether there was an association between cigarette smoking and the use of removable dentures.
Materials and Methods
The cross-sectional study of 2141 randomly selected Bialystok citizens was conducted between October 2018 and January 2024. The extend of tooth loss and the presence or absence of dentures were assessed separately for the maxilla and mandible during oral examination conducted by four calibrated dentist in a dental office setting. The survey questionnaire referred to the smoking habit. Study population was divided into non-smokers (people who had never smoked, group A) and smokers (people who had smoked cigarettes at any time in their life, group B). Among group B, two subgroups were created: B1 (current smokers) and B2 (former smokers). Data were analysed separately for upper and lower jaw. Chi2 test was used to find whether the smoking habit was associated with denture use, with the significance level at p<0.05.
Results
For the maxilla, 231 (10.8%) participants used an acrylic partial denture, 92 (4.3%) a metal framework partial denture, and 126 (5.9%) a complete denture. There were 453 (21.2%) cases with tooth loss not replaced with a denture. For the mandible, the numbers were 164 (7.7%), 98 (4.6%), 73 (3.4%) and 705 (32.9%), respectively. 1219 (56.9%) participants declared having a smoking habit (group B), and 391 (32.5%) were current smokers (group B1). Dentures were more prevalent in group B than in group A, in both upper and lower jaw (p<0.0001). Comparing B1 and B2 subgroups, having dentures in the upper jaw was associated with being a current smoker (p<0.01).
Conclusions
The study found that a smoking habit was associated with the risk of tooth loss and the need to use dentures.