Changes in the chemical composition of ceramic dental implant coatings after laser irradiation
Łukaszewska-Kuska Magdalena 1, Barylyak Adriana2, Bobitski Yaroslav3,4, Krawczyk Piotr5, Tomasz Buchwald6, Dorocka-Bobkowska Barbara1
1 - Department of Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
2 - Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69b, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
3 - Department of Photonics, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bandera 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
4 - College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
5 - Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
6 - Institute of Material Research and Quantum Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
Background: The surface of endoosseous dental implants interact with the host bone on different levels. The result of such interaction can lead to the clinical success or to failure. The chemical composition of the implant surface is one of the features that influences the reaction of the host. Ceramic compounds such as hydroxyapatite (HA) improve osseointegration and provide long-term success. Such coatings, however, can pose a threat to the bone in the form of delamination.
Objectives: Aim of the present study was to analyze the presence of HA on the surface of titanium after femtosecond laser irradiation of the electrodeposited HA coating. The goal was to incorporate the HA into the titanium surface to increase its osseoconductive properties and decrease the delamination risk.
Materials and methods: Two different HA coatings on titanium were electrodeposited (1-2). Each coating was modified by three different laser treatments (A-C) performed with different power, velocity, and frequency. The surfaces were evaluated by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).
Results: The calcium concentration expressed as weight % as determined by EDS on sample 1 ranged from 0.55 (1-A) up to 9.1 (1-C) with the P concentration in the range 0.36 (1-A) to 5.04 (1-C). For the samples 2 the Ca concentration ranged from 0.05 (2-B) up to 2.72 (2-C), with the P concentration in the range 0.09 (2-B) up to 1.86 (2-C). XRD confirmed the presence of HA on all samples with the most intense peaks present in samples 1-A and 2-A. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of HA without the substitution by other ions in crystal lattice and with no other forms of calcium phosphates.
Conclusions: Femtosecond laser irradiation alters the chemical composition of HA coating on titanium depending on the laser irradiation protocol. Further biological analysis are needed to evaluate the interactions of such coatings in vivo.
Keywords: Processing technologies, coatings, laser processing, periodic surface structure texturing, hydroxyapatite, titanium